Laparoscopic surgery of the adrenal gland

Abstract

The adrenal glands are two small glands located in the posterior and deep sector of the abdominal cavity, in the retroperitoneal compartment.
This particular fact regarding their location creates a challenge for surgeons when they have to approach them surgically to treat the different diseases that are located at their level and has made it complex, traumatic and possible to be performed by different means. ways.
Due to its topography and relationship with vital structures, large incisions must be made in open surgery to achieve an adequate and safe surgical approach.
Fortunately, advances in minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopic surgery and currently robotic surgery, have revolutionized the treatment of adrenal diseases, allowing these interventions to be performed more precisely and with less trauma for the patient, respecting the structures of the wall. abdominal and obtaining excellent surgical fields, with a surprising view of all the structures with the high-definition cameras, reducing complications and facilitating postoperative recovery.

In this work a review of the surgical and endoscopic anatomy will be made. the different pathologies that the adrenal glands can present, tactical and technical aspects of surgical treatment by laparoscopy and a case series of patients with adrenal pathology resolved surgically is shown.